The usual menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days. However, when it comes to the menstrual cycle, what is considered “normal” varies greatly. So don’t be concerned if yours consistently lasts a few days longer or shorter. However, when your cycle comes and goes at unexpected times—also known as irregular periods—it can indicate that something in your body is not quite right.
Knowing how to identify irregular periods will help you better understand your body. Frequently, the phrase “irregular” may relate to a shift in what you consider usual. Learn more about irregular periods below, including different types of irregularities, what causes them, and when to see an OB-GYN or health care provider.
How do I know if my cycle is normal?
How can I tell whether my cycle is normal? Your menstrual cycle starts on the first day of your period and lasts until (but not including) the first day of your next period.
Everyone’s period length and frequency varies. Normal menstrual periods last from 21 to 35 days, with an average of 28 days. Periods normally last 3-7 days. Your menstrual cycle is regular if the number of days between periods is consistently the same.
If your periods do not follow a predictable pattern, they are irregular. This is known as oligomenorrhea.
It is common for your menstrual cycle to be erratic for the first year or two after you start having your period. Most women’s periods will eventually become regular. However, some women never experience a regular cycle.
Should I be concerned if my cycle has changed?
Any change in your normal menstrual cycle may be a cause for concern. A change in your cycle could be:
- you have a period more often or less often than is normal for you
- your period does not come at all, this is called amenorrhoea
- your bleeding is heavier or lighter than usual
- your period is longer or shorter than is normal for you
- you experience spotting (bleeding) between periods
What causes periods to become irregular or stop?
If your period is late or has stopped, you should get a pregnancy test. Periods can be irregular following childbirth, a miscarriage, or pregnancy termination (abortion). Your periods may also become irregular in the years leading up to menopause, when they stop completely. Numerous more factors can influence how frequently you receive your period, including:
- Excessive exercise, dieting, stress, travel, and changes to hormonal contraception are all factors to consider. Possible causes include hormonal imbalances (e.g., polycystic ovarian syndrome or thyroid disorders), medications, and certain health conditions.
How are irregular periods managed?
Because there are so many probable causes of irregular periods, every treatment will be based on the most likely cause. Your doctor can order tests to determine what is causing your periods.
Your doctor may propose a lifestyle modification, such as weight loss for overweight women or less exercise if excessive exercise is the cause. Your doctor may prescribe the oral contraceptive pill (‘the pill’) or the contraceptive vaginal ring to help you have regular periods.
These medications contain two hormones that replace your body’s natural hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, and regulate your menstrual periods.
Even if you don’t mind having an irregular cycle, going too long without a period can be harmful. Speak with your doctor to see whether this is a concern for you.
When should I see my doctor?
If you have any of the following symptoms, you should see your doctor.
- Your period occurs occasionally (every 6 weeks or fewer).
- You have not had a period in 6 months or more. If your period is early or late for more than 3 months in a row,
- If you experience bleeding between periods, consult your doctor.
- You have not had your period by the time you are 16 to 17 years old.
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