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Cardiology

Cardiology is the study and treatment of disorders of the heart and the blood vessels. A person with heart disease or cardiovascular disease may be referred to a cardiologist. A cardiologist is not the same as seeing a cardiac surgeon. A cardiac surgeon opens the chest and performs heart surgery.

Signs and Symptoms of a heart conditions, When do we see a Cardiologist

If a person has symptoms of a heart condition, their physician may refer them to a cardiologist. Some of these symptoms would include:

Heart diseases treated in Cardiology and by a cardiologist

A cardiologist can carry out tests for a heart murmur or an abnormal heart rhythm.

They often treat patients who have had a heart attack, heart failure, or other heart problems. They help make decisions about heart surgery, heart catheterization, and angioplasty and stenting. A cardiologist can help with the following heart diseases which include:

atherosclerosis
atrial fibrillation
arrhythmias
congenital heart disease
coronary heart disease
congestive heart disease
high blood cholesterol and triglycerides
hypertension

pericarditis
ventricular tachycardia
high blood pressure, or hypertension
A woman who has had pre-eclampsia – or high blood pressure, high levels of protein in urine that indicate kidney damage (proteinuria), or other signs of organ damage. This is as a result of complications during pregnancy.

They may also carry out or order cardiology tests such as Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), Ambulatory ECG, an exercise test, or stress test, Echocardiogram, Cardiac catheterization, Nuclear cardiology for e.g. single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT), planar imaging, and myocardial perfusion imaging.

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Common Cardiology

Heart Attacks

Coronary artery diseases

Interventional cardiology

Common Cardiology Assessments and Coronary Disease Diagnosis

For common cardiology assessments and coronary artery diseases, the following tests may be recommended, after recording your medical history:

Electrocardiogram (ECG) : an ECG can often reveal evidence of a previous heart attack or one that's in progress.
Stress test : this involves taking an ECG while you walk on a treadmill or ride a stationary bike. This is known as an exercise stress test. Another stress test known as a nuclear stress test helps measure blood flow to your heart muscle at rest and during stress.

Cardiology Assessments and Coronary Disease Diagnosis

Echocardiogram: this is an imaging test used by the cardiac specialist to determine whether all parts of the heart wall are contributing normally to your heart's pumping activity.
Cardiac catheterisation or coronary angiogram : a long, thin, flexible tube (catheter) that is threaded through an artery, helps your cardiologist to discover the extent of blockages in your arteries. The treatment for this is called angioplasty in which either a balloon is used to inflate the narrowed artery or a stent is inserted to keep the artery open.
Heart scan: Computerised tomography (CT) technologies can assist in observing calcium deposits in your arteries that may lead to a coronary artery disease.

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Heart Attacks

Common heart attack symptoms include:

Chest pain that may feel like pressure, tightness, pain, squeezing or aching
Pain or discomfort that spreads to the shoulder, arm, back, neck, jaw, teeth or sometimes the upper belly
Cold sweat
Fatigue
Heartburn or indigestion
Lightheadedness or sudden dizziness
Nausea
Shortness of breath
Congestive Heart Failure- When the heart pumps blood at a lesser efficiency than normal, the function of kidneys gets affected, causing water retention in the body. This condition is called 'congestive heart failure'.

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Coronary Artery disease

Coronary artery disease causes most heart attacks. In coronary artery disease, one or more of the heart (coronary) arteries are blocked. This is usually due to cholesterol-containing deposits called plaques which narrows the arteries and reducing blood flow to the heart. If a plaque breaks open, it can cause a blood clot.

A heart attack may be caused as a result of a complete or partial blockage of a heart (coronary) artery. One way to identify heart attacks is whether an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) shows some specific changes (ST elevation) that require emergency invasive treatment. Your cardiologist may use electrocardiogram (ECG) results to describe these types of heart attacks.

Not all heart attacks are caused by blocked arteries. Some of the other causes would include:

Coronary artery spasm. This is a severe squeezing of a blood vessel that's not blocked. The artery generally has cholesterol plaques or there is early hardening of the vessel due to smoking or other risk factors. Other names for coronary artery spasms include Prinzmetal's angina, vasospastic angina or variant angina.
Certain infections. COVID-19 and other viral infections may cause damage to the heart muscle.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD). This life-threatening condition is caused by a tear inside a heart artery.
Heart attack risk factors include Age. (in general, Men age 45 and older and women age 55 and older) , Tobacco use, high blood pressure, high cholesterol or triglycerides, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, family history of heart attacks, sedentary lifestyle or not enough exercise, unhealthy diet, stress, illegal drug use, history of preeclampsia. (high blood pressure during pregnancy), an autoimmune condition such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.
Complications of a heart attack that include Irregular or atypical heart rhythms (arrhythmias), Cardiogenic shock, heart failure (damage to the heart muscle tissue and that makes the heart unable to pump blood), inflammation of the saclike tissue surrounding the heart (pericarditis), Cardiac arrest.

If you have experience or feel that you have encountered any of the following signs and symptoms, then go ahead and reach out to patient experts, who will arrange and book you with an experienced cardiologist that support you with immediate attention, chosen from amongst the best cardiologists and heart specialists in Dubai and UAE.

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Interventional Cardiology

Interventional cardiology is a procedure which uses a small, flexible tube called a catheter to repair damaged or weakened vessels, narrowed arteries, or other affected parts of the heart structure. An interventional cardiologist is a cardiologist with one to two years of additional education and training in diagnosing and treating cardiovascular disease as well as congenital (present at birth) and structural heart conditions through catheter-based procedures, such as angioplasty and stenting.