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Urology

Introduction

Urology is a part of healthcare that deals with the medical diseases of the male and female urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra). It also deals with male organs that are able to make babies (penis, testes, scrotum, prostate, etc.). Since health problems in these body parts can happen to everyone, urological health is important.

Urology is known as a surgical specialty. Besides surgery, a urologist is a doctor with wisdom of internal medicine, pediatrics, gynecology and other areas of medicine. This is because a urologist encounters a wide range of clinical problems. The scope of urology usually among of the following subspeciality areas:

  • Renal (kidney)
  • Male Infertility
  • Calculi (urinary tract stones)
  • Female Urology
  • Neuro-urology (nervous system control of genitourinary organs)
  • Pediatric Urology (children’s urology)
  • Urological Oncology (urologic cancers)
Urinary Incontinence
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Kidney Stone
Urology Procedure treated

Treatments / Common procedures Conditions treated by the Urologist

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) – Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a non invasive procedure for removal of kidney stones through urine, that breaks down stones in parts of the urinary system, in the pancreas and in the bile ducts. It uses shock waves aimed at the stones, with the help of X-rays or ultrasound.

Stones in the kidneys and ureter often pass on their own after ESWL. Stones located in the pancreatic duct, may need to be extracted with an endoscope (a hollow tube with a light and instruments) that can trap and remove stones.

  1. Ureteroscopy procedure treats stones in the kidneys and the ureters.
  2. A surgery called percutaneous nephrolithotomy is the last resort to get rid of a kidney stone.
  3. Parathyroid gland surgery removes the growth from the gland which stops the formation of kidney stones.
  4. All endoscopic treatment for prostate enlargement
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If you have experienced any of these symptoms which is affecting your daily routine, reach out to patientexperts. Meet one of most experienced urologist who is rated, highly qualified and amongst the best urologist in Dubai, UAE to ensure proper attention, diagnosis, empathy and treatment plans suited to improve your condition your daily routines.

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Urology

Urinary Incontinence

An overactive bladder is when there is a sudden urge to urinate, which leads to incontinence. Overactive bladder and incontinence symptoms could be due to:

Unexpected frequency to urinate, especially at night
An involuntary loss of urine and an urgent need to urinate.
Frequent urination usually more than eight times in 24 hours or a day
Awakening two or more times at night to urinate.
Involuntary muscle contraction that creates the urgent need to urinate even though the urine in the bladder is low.
Other factors for urinary incontinence could be due to diabetes, medications, neurological disorders, severe urinary tract infections (UTI), tumours or bladder stones, enlarged prostate and constipation, excessive drinking of caffeine or alcohol, slow cognitive function due to ageing, difficulty waking from sleep and incomplete bladder emptying, post stroke, Alzheimer’s disease.

Treatment Options:

  • Strengthen your pelvic floor muscles and urinary sphincter with a combination of the right exercise, self training and treatment.
  • Focus on reducing your weight.
  • Have a scheduled routine and timely interval for going to the washroom.
  • Using a catheter if you can’t empty your bladder completely.
  • Use absorbent pads to avoid wetting yourself inadvertently.
  • Bladder injections like Botox partially paralyse muscles and provide relief.
  • Checking and regulating nerve impulses with a wire connected-small battery device placed under your skin.
  • Surgery is used as a last resort to treat people with severe symptoms who don't respond to other treatments for urinary incontinence or an overreactive bladder.

Meet one of most experience urologist who is rated amongst the best urologist in Dubai, UAE to ensure proper attention, diagnosis, empathy and treatment plans suited to improve your condition your daily routines.

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Urology
Prostate Enlargement

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (Inflammation of the prostate or Prostate enlargement)

Benign prostatic hyperplasiaalso called BPH,occurs in men in which the prostate gland is enlarged and not cancerous. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is also called benign prostatic hypertrophy or benign prostatic obstruction.

The prostate goes through two main growth periods as a man ages. The first occurs early in puberty, when the prostate doubles in size. The second phase of growth begins around age 25 and continues during most of a man’s life. Benign prostatic hyperplasia often occurs with the second growth phase.

As the prostate enlarges, the gland may press against and pinch the urethra with the bladder wall becoming thicker. Eventually, the bladder can weaken and lose ability to empty or void completely, leaving urinary retention or some urine in the bladder. Narrowing of the urethra and urinary retention are can cause many of the problems associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Prostate

The prostate is a walnutshaped gland part of male reproductive system. The main function of the prostate is to produce fluid that goes into semen. Prostate fluid is essential for male fertility. The prostate has two or more lobes, or sections, enclosed by an outer layer of tissue, and it is in front of the rectum, just below the bladder. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body. In men, the urethra also carries semen out through the penis.

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What are the symptoms and causes benign prostatic hyperplasia or Prostate enlargement (BPH)?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia or Prostate enlargement occurs mainly in older men. However it does not occur in men whose testicles were removed before puberty.

Throughout their lives, men produce testosterone, a male hormone, and small amounts of estrogen, a female hormone. As they age, the amount of active testosterone in their blood decreases, which leaves a higher level of estrogen.  Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), another male hormone that plays a role in prostate development and growth. Some research suggests that even with a drop in blood testosterone levels, older men continue to produce and accumulate high levels of DHT in the prostate. This accumulation of DHT may result in prostate cells to continue to grow. It is also noted that men who do not produce DHT do not develop benign prostatic hyperplasia.

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Urology

Men with the following factors are more likely to develop benign prostatic hyperplasia:

  • age 40 years and older
  • family history of benign prostatic hyperplasia
  • medical conditions such as obesity, heart and circulatory disease, and type 2 diabetes
  • lack of physical exercise
  • erectile dysfunction

Men with the following factors are more likely to develop benign prostatic hyperplasia:

  • age 40 years and older
  • family history of benign prostatic hyperplasia
  • medical conditions such as obesity, heart and circulatory disease, and type 2 diabetes
  • lack of physical exercise
  • erectile dysfunction
Lower urinary tract symptoms

Lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic
hyperplasia may include:-

  1. Urinary retention
  2. Urinary incontinence—the accidental loss of urine
  3. pain after ejaculation or during urination
  4. Nocturia or frequent urination during periods of sleep
  5. urine that has an unusual color or smell
  6. High Urinary frequenc or urination eight or more times a day
  7. High Urinary urgency or the inability to delay urination
  8. Trouble to start urinating, a weak or an interrupted urine, dribbling at the end of urination
  9. Blocked urethra
  10. If the bladder is overworked trying to pass urine through the blockage

When and how to treatbenign prostatic hyperplasia or Prostate enlargement (BPH)

A person may have urinary symptoms unrelated to benign prostatic hyperplasia that are caused by bladder problems, UTIs, or prostatitis—inflammation of the prostate and should seek immediatelya Urologist when there is : Complete inability to urinate ,Painful, frequent, and urgent need to urinate, Blood in the urine, Great discomfort or pain in the lower abdomen and urinary tract.

The following tests, examination and procedure maybe performed such as Urinalysis, A prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test, Urodynamic tests, Cystoscopy, Transrectal ultrasound.

Cystoscopy. Cystoscopy is a procedure that a Urologist uses an instrument, called a cystoscopeto look inside the urethra and bladder. A urologist inserts the cystoscope through the opening at the tip of the penis and into the lower urinary tract.

Treatment options for benign prostatic hyperplasia may include

  • Lifestyle changes
  • Medications
  • Minimally invasive procedures
  • Surgery
Prostate enlargement (BPH)

Some of the Minimally Invasive Procedures

Some of the possible minimally invasive procedures that relieve benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms when medications prove ineffective, include the following:-

  1. transurethral needle ablation
  2. transurethral microwave thermotherapy
  3. high-intensity focused ultrasound
  4. transurethral electro vaporization
  5. water-induced thermotherapy
  6. prostatic stent insertion – This procedure involves a urologist inserting a small device called a prostatic stent through the urethra to the area narrowed by the enlarged prostate. Once in place, the stent expands like a spring, and it pushes back the prostate tissue, widening the urethra. Prostatic stents may be temporary or permanent. Urologists generally use prostatic stents in men who may not tolerate or be suitable for other procedures.
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Surgery

Surgery to remove enlarged prostate tissue includes

  1. transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)- In TURP, a urologist inserts a resectoscope through the urethra to reach the prostate and cuts pieces of enlarged prostate tissue with a wire loop. Special fluid carries the tissue pieces into the bladder, and the urologist flushes them out at the end of the procedure. TURP is the most common surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia and considered the gold standard for treating blockage of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.
  2. laser surgery- a urologist uses a high-energy laser to destroy prostate tissue.
  3. open prostatectomy
  4. transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP)- During a TUIP, the urologist inserts a cystoscope and an instrument that uses an electric current or a laser beam through the urethra to reach the prostate. The urologist widens the urethra by making a few small cuts in the prostate and in the bladder neck. Some urologists believe that TUIP gives the same relief as TURP except with less risk of side effects.

Kidney Stone

A kidney stone is a solid piece of material that can form in one or both of your kidneys when high levels of certain minerals are in your urine. Kidney stones rarely cause permanent damage if treated in time by an Experienced Urologist.

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Diagnosing Kidney Stones

​You may have a kidney stone if you feel sharp pain in your back, side, lower abdomen, or groin pain; or blood in your urine. Sometimes, if you have a small stone that easily passes through your urinary tract, you may not have symptoms at all.

Drink lots of water and or as advised by the Urologist based on your current condition.You can prevent future kidney stones by making changes in sodium, animal protein, calcium, and oxalate that you may consume as part of your diet.

Kidney Stone

Sign, Symptoms and Risk Factors of Kidney and Urinary Stone:

  1. Some of the Signs & Symptoms of kidney stone and urinary stone may include pain in your groin, below the ribs, lower abdomen, frequent painful urination, smelly and strong coloured urine, feverish.
  2. Trouble breaking down or metabolizing chemicals like cysteine, oxalate, and uric acid can be a part of your family history.
  3. Excess vitamin D could be a risk factor for kidney and urinary stones.
  4. Some medical conditions that encourage stone formation are medullary sponge kidney, IBS, gastric bypass surgery,renal tubular acidosiscystic fibrosis, and hyperthyroidism.
  5. Not drinking enough water each day can increase your risk of kidney stones.
  6. Excess salt in your diet increases the amount of calcium your kidneys.
  7. A large waist size and weight gain can increase the risk of kidney stones.
kidneys

Kidney and Urinary Stone Treatment

Depending on your condition, pain medication and a lot of water intake may be required to pass a kidney stone. However, surgery may be required if the stones get stuck in the urinary tract.

  1. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a procedure for removal of kidney stones through your urine.
  2. Ureteroscopy procedure treats stones in the kidneys and ureters.
  3. A surgery called percutaneous nephrolithotomy is the last resort to get rid of a kidney stone.
  4. Parathyroid gland surgery removes the growth from the gland which stops the formation of kidney stones.
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Urology

Urology Procedure treated

  1. Cystoscopy

A cystoscopy is a urology procedure that allows a urologist to examine the lining of the bladder and the urethra. An instrument called cystoscope is inserted into the urethra and guided to the bladder.The cystoscope is a long, thin tube with a light and camera at the end. This procedure is used to diagnose and treat bladder conditions such as an enlarged prostate.

  1. Ureteroscopy

Ureteroscopy is a procedure used to diagnose and treat kidney stones. A special instrument called the ureteroscope, is guided through the urethra and the bladder and up the ureter to where the kidney stone is located. Small stones can be removed whole, while larger stones need to be broken up. The procedure used to break up the stones is called lithotripsy.

 

  1. Lithotripsy

Lithotripsy is a urology procedure that uses shock waves or a laser to break down stones in the kidney, bladder, or the ureter.The shock waves break up large stones and can then pass through the urinary system.

  1. Prostate Procedures

Urologists may perform a number of procedures to diagnose and treat prostate conditions. These include:

  • Prostate biopsy: A procedure to remove samples of tissue from the prostate for examination in a lab. 
  • UroLift: A minimally invasive procedure done in-office to treat mild to moderate prostate enlargement.
  • Transurethral needle ablation (TUNA): A procedure that uses radiofrequency ablation to shrink prostate tissue that is pressing into the urethra and causing urinary symptoms.
  • Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP): A minimally invasive procedure that uses a special instrument called a resectoscope to trim and seal prostate tissue when the prostate is enlarged and causing difficulty in urination.
  • Transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP): A procedure used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A small endoscope is inserted through the urethra and special instruments create small openings in the bladder neck where it connects to the prostate. This opens the urinary channel so urine can pass.
  1. Orchiopexy

Orchiopexy is a surgical procedure performed to repair an undescended testicle. During this procedure, the testicle is moved from the abdomen or groin area into the scrotum and then stitched to the scrotum.

  1. Vasectomy

This is a common urology procedure, a surgical procedure used for permanent male birth control. During the procedure, the doctor cuts off the supply of sperm to the semen by cutting and sealing the vas deferens, which carries sperm from the testicles.

  1. Vasectomy Reversal

If a man who had a vasectomy decides he wants to be a father again, a vasectomy reversal can be performed. However, there is no guarantee that he can conceive a child. Microsurgical techniques are used to repair the vas deferens.

  1. Penile Plication

Penile plication is a surgical urology procedure that is used to treat curvature of the penis caused by Peyronie’s disease. Permanent sutures are placed on the opposite side of the scarring that causes the curvature.

  1. Penile Implants & Prosthesis

Penile implants or prostheses are devices that are placed inside the penis to allow men with erectile dysfunction (ED) to get an erection. These devices are usually only recommended after all other ED treatments fail. For instance, a penile prosthesis may be recommended for men with severe Peyronie’s disease who cannot get an erection due to the curvature of the penis.

  1. Male circumcision

Circumcision is a surgical procedure in which the skin covering the tip of the penis (foreskin) is removed. It is a procedure commonly performed on newborn boys, children and men. 

If you experience any Urological problems and unsure about how to go about, then go ahead and call patient experts and book with one of our experienced Urologist who is amongst the best Urologist in Dubai and UAE. Circumcision is a surgical procedure in which the skin covering the tip of the penis (foreskin) is removed. It is a procedure commonly performed on newborn boys, children and men

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